PHYSICS

for 2-year M.Sc. (Physics) and 3-year M.Sc.Tech. (Applied Geophysics ) courses:

(a) GENERAL PHYSICS: LLinear and angular motion of particles. Newton’s Gravitational law, gravitational field due to geometrical bodies. Kepler’s law, escape velocities and satellites. Rotational motion, Moment of inertia for various geometrical bodies, Elastic modulii and their inter-relations, torque on cylinder, cantilever, ripples and gravity waves, Molecular theory of surface tension, Capillarity for liquid columns, Kinematics of moving fluids, equation of continuity, Euler’s equation, Bernaulli’s theorem, viscosity, Stokes law.

(b) SOUND: Simple harmonic motion and its superposition, Velocity of sound waves. Dispersion and phase and group velocity of waves. Free, damped, forced vibrations. Fourier’s theorem and its applications, analyzing simple waveforms, concept of vibration of membrane, vibration of air column, vibrations of strings, acoustics of auditorium and building.

(c) CLASSICAL MECHANICS: Hamilton’s principle, Lagrange’s and Hamilton’s equations of motion, Motion in a central field, inertia of ellipsoid and principal moments of inertia, moment of rigid body, Euler’s equation of rotating body, gyroscopic motion.

(d) SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY: Inertial frames and Galilean invariance, Postulates, Lorentz transformation and consequences, length contraction and time dilation, Velocity dependence of mass. Relativistic velocity addition theorem. Mass energy equivalence.

(e) STATISTICAL PHYSICS: : Distinguishable and indistinguishable particle, Maxwell-Boltzman, Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein distribution laws. Black body radiation: Planck’s radiation law-Wein’s and Raleigh-Jean’s distribution laws and Stefan’s law.

(f) THERMAL PHYSICS: Kinetic theory of gases. Laws of Thermodynamics, Isothermal and adiabatic processes. Reversible, irreversible and quasi-static processes, Carnot’s cycle, Entropy, Maxwell’s and T-dS equations. Phase transition and Clausius- Clapeyron’s equations, Latent heat equations for liquid and vapour. Liquification of gas, Vander-Waal’s equation, Joule-Thomson effect, Enthalpy, Free energy.

(g) OPTICS: Combination of thin lenses and thick lens, Rayleigh’s criterion and resolving powers. Interference of light, Diffraction of light, Plane and concave gratings. Double refraction, Plane, circular and elliptical polarizations. Dispersion through prisms and grating. Zeeman effect, Stark effect; rotation and vibration spectra of molecules.

(h) ELECTRICITY/MAGNETISM: Gauss’s law, system of charges, conductors, capacitors, dielectrics, dielectric polarization, volume and surface charges, electrostatic energy, Bio-savart’s law, Ampere’s law, Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, self and mutual inductance, electric polarization and displacement, electric images, space- quantization, Stern-Gerlach experiment. Langevin’s theories of dia- and para- magnetism. Weiss’ theory of ferromagnetism, hysteresis, transients, L.C.R. circuit, alternating current, use of J-operator in solving electrical circuit problems, parallel and series-resonant circuits, transformers. Seebeck, Peltier, and Thomson effects, Poisson’s and Laplace’s equations. Maxwell’s field equations, plane electromagnetic waves, Poynting’s theorem, reflection and refraction at dielectric interface.

(i) MODERN PHYSICS: Nuclear disintegration, mass defect, packing fraction, binding energy, nuclear energy, elementary crystallography, crystal binding, Einstein’s and Debye’s theories of specific heat, free electron in metals. Fermi energy and density of states. Elementary band theory. Concept of hole& effective mass, Photoelectric, Compton and Raman effects. Active semiconductor devices- diodes and transistors, rectifier, simple voltage amplifier, principle of oscillator. Radio-activity, α and β spectra; theories of α and β decay.

CHEMISTRY

for 2-year M. Sc. (Chemistry) course:

(a) PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY:

Atomic structure: : Fundamental particles, Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom; wave particle duality; uncertainty principle; Schrödinger’s wave equation; quantum numbers, shapes of orbitals, Hund’s rule and Pauli’s exclusion principle.

Theory of gases: Kinetic theory of gases, Maxwall Boltzmann distribution law, Equipartition of energy.

Chemical thermodynamics: Reversible and irreversible processes; First law and its application to ideal and nonideal gases; Thermo chemistry; Second law; Entropy and free energy, criteria for spontaneity.

Chemical and Phase Equlibria: Law of mass action; Kp, Kc; Effect of temperature on K; Ionic equlibria in solutions; pH and buffer solutions, hydrolysis; solubility product. Phase equlibria – phase rule and its application to one component and two-component systems, Colligative properties.

Electrochemistry: Conductance and its application; transport number, Galvanic cells, EMF and Free energy; Concentration cell with and without transport.

Chemical Kinetics: Reactions of different order, Arrhenius equations, and Collision theory, Theory of absolute reaction rate; Chain reactions-Normal and branched chain reactions

(b) ORGANIC CHEMISTRY:

Basic concepts in organic chemistry and stereochemistry: Isomerism and nomenclature, electronic (resonance and inductive) effects. Optical isomerism in compounds containing one and two asymmetric centers, designation of absolute configuration, conformations of cyclohexanes.

Aromaticity & Huckel’s rule: Mono & bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Organic reactions mechanism and synthetic applications: Methods of preparation and reactions of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, arenes and their simple functional derivatives, Mechanism and synthetic applications of electrophilic aromatic substitution. Stereochemistry and mechanism of aliphatic nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions.Mechanism of aldol condensation, Claisen condensation, esterification and ester hydrolysis, Cannizzaro reaction, benzoin condensation, Perkin reaction, Claisen rearrangement, Beckmann rearrangement and Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement.Synthesis of simple molecules using standard reactions of organic chemistry.Grignard reagents.

Natural Products chemistry: Introduction to the various classes of compounds-alkaloids, terpenes, carbohydrates, amino acids and nucleic acids.

Qualitative Organic analysis: Functional group interconversions, identification of functional groups by chemical tests.

(c) INORGANIC CHEMISTRY:

Periodic table: Periodic classification of elements and periodicity in properties; general methods of isolation and purification of elements.

Chemical Bonding and Shapes of compounds: Types of bonding; VSEPR theory and shapes of molecules; hybridization; dipole moment; ionic solids; structure of NaCl, CsCl, diamond and graphite; lattice energy.

Main group Elements (s- and p- blocks): Group relationship and gradation in properties; structure of electron deficient compounds of main group elements and their applications.

Transition metals (d-block): Characteristics of 3d elements; oxides, hydroxides and salts of first row metals; coordination complexes; VB and crystal field theories for structure, colour and magnetic properties of metal complexes.

(d) ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY:

Principles of qualitative and quantitative analysis; acid –base, oxidation-reduction and precipitation reactions, use of indicators, radioactivity; nuclear reactions; applications of isotopes.

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